Class 5th | Science | The Universe
SCIENCE VOCABULARY
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THE SUN
The sun is a huge shining hot ball of burning gases. The sun is the star. It is situated at the centre of the solar system.
Inside the sun, hydrogen changes into helium gas. This continuous process produces a lot of heat and light in the sun.
Moon
Moon is Earth's closest neighbour in space. Moon is the natural satellite of Earth. A satellite is a heavenly object which revolves around a planet. It is held in its orbit by Earth's gravity. It is about 3,84,400 km away from Earth.
Q. How do we always see the same side of Moon from Earth?
Ans. Moon is Earth's closest neighbour in space. It revolves around Earth in 27.3 days. Moon also rotates on its axis once in 27.3 days. Since it takes the same time (27.3 days) to complete one rotation and one revolution, we always see the same side of Moon from Earth.
Q. Being a satellite, it has no light of its own. Have you ever wondered how then does it shine?
Ans. Moon does not have light of its own. It reflects the light of sun falling on it.
The Phases of Moon
Moon appears to be changing shape everyday. These different shapes of Moon as visible from Earth are called phases of Moon. The shape during a particular phase depends on reflecting light of sun falling on the part that can be seen by us on Earth.
The Surface of Moon
The surface of Moon is rough and uneven. It is made up of plains, huge mountains, craters and valleys. Craters are big, round hollows which are formed when pieces of rocks called meteorites crash on the surface of Moon. The surface of Moon is covered with dark grey dust.
Q. What is Craters? How the Craters of moon formed?
Ans. Craters are big, round hollows which are formed when pieces of rocks called meteorites crash on the surface of Moon.
Earth's Moon is about 4,500 million years old.
Q. What is the weight of 18 kg of person on the moo?
Ans. The gravity of Moon is only one-sixth the gravity of Earth. So, if a thing weighs 18 kg on Earth, it will weigh only 3 kg on Moon.
There is no air or water on Moon. It is indeed a dry and barren place. So, no life can exist on Moon.
Since sound waves travels through air, in the absence of air, no sound can be heard on Moon. Also, in the absence of a thick blanket of atmosphere, strong rays of Sun directly hit Moon. Hence, there is no protection from the strong rays of Sun. The side of Moon facing Sun is very hot and the side away from it is very cold. Moon is a lonely and silent desert without any animals plants or lakes.
Neil Armstrong on the surface of Moon.
Landing on the Moon
On July 21, 1969 the American spacecraft W Apollo-11 landed on Earth's Moon. It was launched from the Kennedy Space Centre W Florida, USA.
The three astronauts in the lu spacecraft were Neil Armstrong, Aldrin and Michael Collins, Neil Armstrong was the first mous words: oo on Moon. He said these famous "That's one small step for a man; one giant leap for mankind."
These astronauts brought back Moon's rocks for further study and research. They also left scientific equipment behind on Moon in order to get more information.
Shadow –> A shadow is cast when the path of light is blocked by an opaque object.
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Types of the object:
There are three types of the object
1. Opaque object –> Object that does not allow light to pass through it is called Opaque Object. For example book, copy, table, brick, wall.
2. Translucent object –> Object that allows a little light to pass through it is called Translucent Object. For example butter paper
3. Transparent object –> Object that allows all light to pass through it is called Transparent Object. For example glass
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Eclipse –> When one celestial body casts its shadow on the other celestial body in the space is called Eclipse.
These are of two types 1. Solar Eclipse and 2. Lunar Eclipse
Solar Eclipse –> A solar eclipse occurs when the moon comes between the sun and the earth.
Lunar Eclipse –> A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth comes in between the sun and the moon.
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Types of the solar eclipse
Solar eclipse may be 1. partial solar eclipse or 2. total solar eclipse.
1. Partial Solar Eclipse –> A partial solar eclipse happens when the moon passes in front of the sun, but does not cover it completely.
2. Total Solar Eclipse –> A total solar eclipse occurs when the moon covers the sun completely.
During a total solar eclipse, the sky appears as dark as night, and you can see the sun's glowing corona.
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Type of the lunar eclipse
Lunar eclipse may be 1. partial lunar eclipse or 2. total lunar eclipse.
1. Partial Lunar Eclipse –> A partial lunar eclipse occurs when the moon is partly hidden.
2. Total Lunar Eclipse –> A total lunar eclipse occurs when the moon is completely hidden.
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Differences between solar and lunar eclipses
1. A solar eclipse sun and then the moon comes between the earth.
1. A lunar eclipse occutunar eclipse earth comes between the sun and the moon.
2. Solar eclipse occurs during the day time.
2. Lunar eclipse occurs at night.
3. Solar eclipse usually lasts for a few minutes.
3. Lunar eclipse may last for a few hours.
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Tide –> The regular rise and fall of the ocean water on the earth is called Tide. Tide comes because of gravitational forces between the earth and the moon.
There are two types of the tides
1. High Tide and 2. Low Tide
1. High Tide –> The water of oceans on the side of the earth facing the moon is attracted upwards causes high tide.
2. Low Tide –> The water of oceans on the side of the earth facing away from the moon causes low tide.
★ Every day, there are two high tides and two low tides.
★ The oceans are constantly moving from a high tide to a low tide, and then again to a high tide.
★ The highest tides occur at the time of the new moon and full moon.
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Satellite –> A body revolving around a planet is called a satellite. Satellite are of two types
1. Natural satellite
2. Artificial or Man-made satellite
1. Natural Satellite –> An Natural satellite is an yenatural object that continuously moves in the orbit of the Earth or some other celestial body in space.
★ Moon is a natural satellite of the earth.
2. Artificial Satellite –> An artificial satellite is a man-made object that continuously moves in the orbit of the Earth or some other celestial body in space.
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Artificial satellites are classified according to their mission.
1. Weather satellites: These satellites are used to study atmospheric conditions from above and to forecast weather.
For example, METSAT (KALPANA-1) and OCEANSAT.
2. Scientific research satellites: These satellite used by the scientific for research is called Scientific research satellites.
For example, Rohini satellite.
3. Communication satellites: The satellites used for communication is called Communication satellites.
For example, APPLE and INSAT satellites.
4. Military satellites: The satellites used for Military purpose is called Military satellites. These satellites are often called spy satellites.
For example, CARTOSAT-2A, CARTOSAT-I and CARTOSAT-II.
5. Navigation or GPS satellites: The satellites used for Navigation with Global Positioning system is called Navigation or GPS satellites. These satellites are often called Navigation satellites.
For Examples of navigation satellites of India are IRNSSII, IRNSSIH, IRNSSIG.
6. Earth observing satellites: The satellites used for observing earth is called Earth observing satellites.
For example, RESOURCESAT-I, IRS-IC, IRS-ID
Man in space
★ The Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, in October 1957. It orbited Earth for six months.
★ India launched its first satellite in 1975. It was named Aryabhatta.
★ Yuri Gagarin, a Russian cosmonaut, was the first person to be launched into space on 12 April 1961.
★ Valentina Tereshkova, a Russian cosmonaut, was the first woman to go into space.
★ Rakesh Sharma (in 1982) was the first Indian to go into the space.
★ Kalpana Chawla (in 1997) was the first woman of Indian origin to go into space.
★ Sunita Williams is the second woman of Indian origin to go into the space.
★ Sunita Williams set a record of spending maximum 195 days (number of days) in space. She went into space in December 2006 and came back in June 2007.
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Tide –> The regular rise and fall of the ocean water on the earth is called Tide. Tide comes because of gravitational forces between the earth and the moon.
There are two types of the tides
1. High Tide and 2. Low Tide
1. High Tide –> The water of oceans on the side of the earth facing the moon is attracted upwards causes high tide.
2. Low Tide –> The water of oceans on the side of the earth facing away from the moon causes low tide.
★ Every day, there are two high tides and two low tides.
★ The oceans are constantly moving from a high tide to a low tide, and then again to a high tide.
★ The highest tides occur at the time of the new moon and full moon.
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ISRO –> Indian Space Research Organisation
GPS –> Global Positioning Systems
★ No life is possible on the moon.
★ The moon's gravity is one-sixth of the gravity of the earth.
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Exercise
A. Tick (✔) the correct option.
1. This is an object that revolves around a planet.
a) satellite
b) stars
c) comets
d) sun
2. The big, round hollows called craters are present on
a) earth
b) sun
c) moon
d) stars
3. When the sun is completely hidden behind Moon, then it is a
a) partial solar eclipse
b) total solar eclipse
c) partial lunar eclipse
d) total lunar eclipse
4. Which of the following statements is not correct about moon?
a) The moon's gravity is equal to the gravity of the earth.
b) The moon in made up of plains, craters and valleys.
c) The moon is about 3,84,400 km away from the earth.
d) There is no air and water so, no life can exist on moon.
5. This is a weather satellite.
a) Rohini
b) CARTOSAT
c) OCEANSAT
d) IRS-1C
Ans. 1. a) satellite, 2. c) moon, 3. b) total solar eclipse, 4. a) The moon's gravity is equal to the gravity of the earth. 5. c) OCEANSAT
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Moon is Earth's ................ satellite.
2. Moon completes one rotation in ................ days.
3. A ................ eclipse occurs when Earth casts its shadow on Moon.
4. ................ was the first man-made satellite by Russian scientists.
5. ................ was the first Indian man to go into space.
Ans. 1. Natural, 2. 27.3 days, 3. Lunar, 4. Sputnik 1, 5. Rakesh Sharma
C. Answer these questions in one or two sentences.
1. What is found on the surface of Moon?
Ans. The surface of Moon is rough and uneven with huge mountains, craters and valleys.
2. Why there is no life on Moon?
Ans. There is no air or water on Moon. It is indeed a dry and barren land. So, no life can exist on Moon.
3. What is solar eclipse?
Ans.
Solar Eclipse –> A solar eclipse occurs when the moon comes between the sun and the earth.
When Moon casts its shadow on Earth, it is called a solar eclipse.
4. When can we see the lunar eclipse?
Ans.
Lunar Eclipse –> A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth comes in between the sun and the moon.
When Moon is in the dark shadow of Earth, it is called a lunar eclipse.
D. Answer these questions in detail.
1. What are artificial satellites? How are artificial satellites useful to us?
Ans. An artificial satellite is a man-made object that continuously moves in the orbit of the Earth or some other celestial body in space.
2. Distinguish between solar eclipse and lunar eclipse.
Ans.
Differences between solar and lunar eclipses
1. A solar🌞 eclipse sun and then the moon comes between the earth.
1. A lunar 🌕 eclipse occutunar eclipse earth comes between the sun and the moon.
2. Solar 🌞 eclipse occurs during the day time.
2. Lunar 🌕 eclipse occurs at night.
3. Solar 🌞 eclipse usually lasts for a few minutes.
3. Lunar 🌕 eclipse may last for a few hours.
3. What are tides? How are high tides and low tides formed?
Ans.
Tide –> The regular rise and fall of the ocean water on the earth is called Tide. Tide comes because of gravitational forces between the earth and the moon.
There are two types of the tides
1. High Tide and 2. Low Tide
1. High Tide –> The water of oceans on the side of the earth facing the moon is attracted upwards causes high tide.
2. Low Tide –> The water of oceans on the side of the earth facing away from the moon causes low tide.
4. Draw diagrams to show (a) solar eclipse (b) lunar eclipse
Ans.
Solar eclipse.
Lunar eclipse.
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Name these:
Checkpoint 1
Answer in one word.
1. It is at the centre of solar system.
Ans. Sun
2. Earth's only natural satellite.
Ans. Moon
3. Type of objects which form shadows.
Ans. Opaque
4. A phenomenon when one celestial body blocks the light of another.
Ans. Eclipse
5. The regular rise and fall of ocean water on the earth
Ans. Tide
Checkpoint 2
1. First artificial satellite launched.
Ans. Sputnik 1
2. First Indian satellite launched
Ans. Aryabhatta
3. First person to go into space
Ans. Yuri Gagarin
4. First Indian to go into space
Ans. Rakesh Sharma
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Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. The large circular hollows on the moon are called .............
2. A ............. solar eclipse occurs when the moon covers the sun completely.
3. During a ............. eclipse, the earth comes between the sun and the moon.
4. The highest tides occur at ............. and ............. day.
5. Military satellites are often called ............. satellites.
Ans. 1. Creator 2. Total 3. Lunar 4. Full moon, new moon 5. Spy
B. Write True or False.
1. The universe is a wide-open space.
2. There is evidence of water at the poles of the moon.
3. We can live on the moon because it has an atmosphere.
4. We can jump higher on the moon than on the Earth.
5. The highest tides are caused on a no moon day.
Ans. 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. False
C. Name the following.
1. First woman of Indian origin to go into space
Ans. Kalpana Chawla
2. Second woman of Indian origin to go into the space
Ans. Sunita Williams
3. A weather satellite
Ans. METSET
4. A scientific research satellite
Ans. Rohini
5. A communication satellite
Ans. INSAT
6. A military satellite
Ans. Cartoon set 1
D. Tick (✔) the correct answer.
1. The natural satellite of the earth is the
(a) sun
(b) moon
(c) planet
(d) star
2. Which of the following is not present on the moon?
(a) craters
(b) atmosphere
(c) gravity
(d) heat
3. What is the gravity on the moon as compared to that of the earth?
(a) one-eighth
(b) one-fifth
(c) one-sixth
(d) one-fourth
4. Which type of objects form shadows?
(a) opaque
(b) translucent
(c) transparent
(d) both (a) and (b)
5. Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the
(a) stars
(b) moon
(c) earth
(d) moon and earth
Ans. 1. (c) planet, 2. (c) gravity, 3. (c) one-sixth, 4. (d) both (a) and (b), 5. (d) moon and earth
E. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the sun? How is heat and light produced in the sun?
Ans. The sun is a huge shining hot ball of burning gases. The sun is the star. It is situated at the centre of the solar system.
Inside the sun, hydrogen changes into helium gas. This continuous process produces a lot of heat and light in the sun.
2. What causes the moon to shine?
Ans. Moon does not have light of its own. It reflects the light of sun falling on it.
3. What is the moon made of?
Ans.
The surface of Moon is covered with dark grey dust. The surface of Moon is rough and uneven. It is made up of plains, huge mountains, craters and valleys.
4. What is solar and lunar eclipse?
Ans.
Solar Eclipse –> A solar eclipse occurs when the moon comes between the sun and the earth.
When Moon casts its shadow on Earth, it is called a solar eclipse.
Lunar Eclipse –> A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth comes in between the sun and the moon.
When Moon is in the dark shadow of Earth, it is called a lunar eclipse.
5. What is a tide? How are high and low tides caused?
Ans.
Tide –> The regular rise and fall of the ocean water on the earth is called Tide. Tide comes because of gravitational forces between the earth and the moon.
There are two types of the tides
1. High Tide and 2. Low Tide
1. High Tide –> The water of oceans on the side of the earth facing the moon is attracted upwards causes high tide.
2. Low Tide –> The water of oceans on the side of the earth facing away from the moon causes low tide.
6. What is an artificial satellite?
Ans. An artificial satellite is a man-made object that continuously moves in the orbit of the Earth or some other celestial body in space.
7. What are the types of artificial satellites? Give one example of each.
Ans.
Artificial satellites are classified according to their mission.
1. Weather satellites: These satellites are used to study atmospheric conditions from above and to forecast weather.
For example, METSAT (KALPANA-1) and OCEANSAT.
2. Scientific research satellites: These satellite used by the scientific for research is called Scientific research satellites.
For example, Rohini satellite.
3. Communication satellites: The satellites used for communication is called Communication satellites.
For example, APPLE and INSAT satellites.
4. Military satellites: The satellites used for Military purpose is called Military satellites. These satellites are often called spy satellites.
For example, CARTOSAT-2A, CARTOSAT-I and CARTOSAT-II.
5. Navigation or GPS satellites: The satellites used for Navigation with Global Positioning system is called Navigation or GPS satellites. These satellites are often called Navigation satellites.
For Examples of navigation satellites of India are IRNSSII, IRNSSIH, IRNSSIG.
6. Earth observing satellites: The satellites used for observing earth is called Earth observing satellites.
For example, RESOURCESAT-I, IRS-IC, IRS-ID
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