Biotic
The world of living organisms is known as biotic. e.g. plants and animals
Abiotic
The world of non-living elements is known as abiotic. e.g. land.
Environment Day
On 5 June every year the World Environmend Day in celebrated.
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NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Land, water, air, plants and animals comprise the natural environment.
Lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere are the important domains on earth.
Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil.
Lithosphere is an irregular surface with various landforms such as mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, continents, the ocean floors etc.
Lithosphere is the domain that provides us forests, grasslands for grazing, land for agriculture and human settlements. It is also a source of mineral wealth.
Hydrosphere
The domain of water is referred to as hydrosphere. It comprises various sources of water and different types of water bodies like rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, etc. It is essential for all living organisms.
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Atmosphere
The atmosphere is the thin layer of air that surrounds the earth. It consists of a number of gases, dust and water vapour.
The gravitational force of the earth holds the atmosphere around it. It protects us from the harmful rays and scorching heat of the sun.
The changes in the atmosphere produce changes in the weather and climate.
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Biosphere
Plant and animal kingdom together make biosphere or the living world.
It is a narrow zone of the earth where land, water and air interact with each other to support life.
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What is ecosystem?
The system or relation between the living organisms as well as their physical and chemical factors of the environment surroundings by transfer of energy and material form an ecosystem.
There could be an ecosystem of large rain forest, grassland, desert, mountains, lake, river, ocean and even a small pond.
The pond, Lake, orchard or a garden is the example of the ecosystem
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Q. How is human beings modify their natural environment?
Ans. The activities, creations and interactions among Human beings according to their need modify their natural environment by making cars, mills, factories and manufacture containers.
Early humans adapted themselves to the natural surroundings. They led a simple life and fulfilled their requirements from the nature around them.
With time needs grew and Human beings interact with the environment and modify it according to their need.
Humans learn new ways to use and change environment according to their need.
They learn to grow crops, domesticate animals and lead a settled life. The wheel was invented, surplus food was produced, barter system emerged, trade started and commerce developed. Industrial revolution enabled large scale production. Transportation became faster. Information revolution made communication easier and speedy across the world.
A perfect balance is necessary between the natural and human environment. Humans must learn to live and use their environment in a harmonious way.
Barter System
It is a trade in which goods are exchanged without the use of money.
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Exercise
Q 1. Answer the following questions.
Q. (i) What is an ecosystem?
Ans. The system or relation between the living organisms as well as their physical and chemical factors of the environment surroundings by transfer of energy and material form an ecosystem.
There could be an ecosystem of large rain forest, grassland, desert, mountains, lake, river, ocean and even a small pond.
The pond, Lake, orchard or a garden is the example of the ecosystem
Q. (ii) What do you mean by natural environment?
Ans. The basic components and organisms that are naturally present in the environment like the land, water, air, plants and animals, comprise the natural environment.
The natural environment consists of land, water, air, plants and animals. Thus, the natural environment consists both biotic (plants and animals) and abiotic (land) conditions that exist on the earth.
Q. (iii) Which are the major components of the environment?
Ans. Components of the environment include both biotic (plants and animals) and abiotic (land) components with human (Human populations) and human made components (creations created by human beings).
Biotic
The world of living organisms is known as biotic. e.g. plants and animals
Abiotic
The world of non-living elements is known as abiotic. e.g. land.
Q. (iv) Give four examples of a human-made environment.
Ans. Four examples of the human-made are Ponds, parks, gardens and aquarium.
Q. (v) What is lithosphere?
Ans. The solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth is called the lithosphere. It is made up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil. It is an irregular surface with various landforms like mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, continents, the ocean floors etc.
(vi) Which are the two major components of the biotic environment?
Ans. Plants and animals are the two major components of the biotic environment.
(vii) What is a biosphere?
Ans. Biosphere or the living world is the narrow zone of earth where land, water and air interact with each other to support life. Thus the plant and animal kingdoms together form the biosphere.
Q 2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which is not a natural ecosystem?
(a) Desert (b) Aquarium (c) Forest
(ii) Which is not a component of the human environment?
(a) Land (b) Religion (c) Community
(iii) Which is a human-made environment?
(a) Mountain (b) Sea (c) Road
(iv) Which is a threat to the environment?
(a) Growing plant
(b) Growing population
(c) Growing crops
Ans. (i) (b) Aquarium, (ii) (a) Land, (iii) (c) Road, (iv) (b) Growing population
Q 3. Match the following.
| (i) Biosphere | (a) blanket of air which surrounds the earth |
| (ii) Atmosphere | (b) domain of water |
| (iii) Hydrosphere | (c) gravitational force of the earth |
| (iv) Environment | (d) our surroundings |
| (e) narrow zone where the land water and the air interacts | |
| (f) relation between the organisms and their surroundings |
Ans. (i) –> (e), (ii) –> (a), (iii) –> (b), (iv) –> (d)
Q 4. Give reasons.
(i) Man modifies his environment.
Ans. Early humans adapted themselves to the natural surroundings. They led a simple life and fulfilled their requirements from the nature around them.
With time needs grew and Human beings interact with the environment and modify it according to fulfill their basic needs.
Humans learn new ways to use and change environment according to their need.
They learn to grow crops, domesticate animals and lead a settled life. The wheel was invented, surplus food was produced, barter system emerged, trade started and commerce developed. Industrial revolution enabled large scale production. Transportation became faster. Information revolution made communication easier and speedy across the world.
Humans have used the mineral wealth like fossils for their own development, disturbing the ecological system and animal habitats. He does numerous other activities for his life, making it comfortable.
(ii) Plants and animals depend on each other.
Ans. Plants and animals are interdependent on each other because plants are the producers, and animals are the consumers. Plants release oxygen in the atmosphere, which is inhaled by human beings and humans exhale carbon dioxide, which helps plants in producing their own food.
Plants and animals depend on each other in the following ways:
Plants provide food to animals.
They, in the form of forests, provide shelter to wildlife.
Wildlife adds beauty to the forests.
Animals provide manure to plants for growth.
Animals also provide beauty to forests.
Dead animals also provide humus content.
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