01. Reaction with metals: - Acid makes salt and hydrogen gas after reacting with the metal.
Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen gas.
2Zn
+ 2HCl ¾¾® ZnCl2
+ H2
2NaOH
+ Zn ¾¾® Na2ZnO2
+ H2
02. Reaction with metal carbonate or metal
hydrogen Carbonate: - Acids releases salt, water and CO2
after reaction with metal carbonate or metal hydrogen Carbonate
Acid + metal carbonate
or metal hydrogen Carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide.
Na2CO3 + 2HCl ¾¾® 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
NaHCO3 + HCl ¾¾® NaCl + H2O
+ CO2
03. Reaction with bases: - By reaction with bases the acids form water and salt.
This property is called a Neutralization reaction.
Acid + Base = Salt + water
NaOH + HCl ¾¾® NaCl + H2O
Neutralization
Reaction: - The reaction between an acid
and base to give a salt and water is known as a neutralization reaction. In this reaction acids and bases loses there reactivity.
NaOH + HCl ¾¾® NaCl + H2O
04.
Reaction with metallic base or bases oxide:- Metallic oxide gives salts and water with
bases are called Basic (metallic) Oxide.
Acid + Basis (Metallic) Oxide ® Salt + water
Acidic
(Nonmetallic) Oxide: - Which Nonmetallic oxide gives salts and water with bases is
called Acidic (Nonmetallic) Oxide.
Basis
(Metallic) Oxide: -
Which Metallic oxide gives salts and water with bases is called Basic
(Metallic) Oxide.
¶ All the acids release
Hydrogen gas after reacting with metals. Thus we know that all the acids have
hydrogen as an element.
¶ Water solution of an
acid is conductor of electricity due to the presence of hydrogen ions.
H2O +
2HCl ¾¾® H3O + + CI
–
H2O
NaOH ¾¾® Na +
+ OH –
H2O
KOH ¾¾® K + + OH –
H2O
Mg (OH)2
¾¾® Mg 2+ + 2OH –
Strong
Acid + Weak Base → Acidic salt + H2O
Weak
Acid + Strong Base → Basic salt + H2O
Strong
Acid + Strong Base → Neutral salt + H2O
Weak Acid + Weak Base → Neutral salt + H2O
|
Q. what do you mean by Dilution of acids? What is its process?
Ans. Mixing an acid or a base with
H2O results in decrease of concentration of ions (H3O+/OH−)
per unit volume. Such a process is called as dilution.
While diluting acids, it is
recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to acid
because the process of dissolving an acid or a base in water is highly
exothermic.
If water is added to the acid,
the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out and cause burns and
the glass container may also break due to excessive local heating.
 |
Diluteness: - Changing / Decreasing
of the concentration of (H3O + / OH–) ions in per unit volume is known as
diluteness of acid or bases. Diluteness is measured in the concentration of [1](H3O
+ / OH–) ions in
per unit volume.
¶ All the acids and bases are of the nature of
diluteness. They changed their diluteness when they mixed with water.
2.2 ACID, BASIS AND SALTS (Part 2) With Notes
For Full Chapters, Detail With Note Read our
Post a Comment
Post a Comment