Force
A push or pull on an object is called force
Effects Of The Force
Air Force can move an object. it can change the speed, direction, and shape of an object.
Effects of Force
Effect of a force can bring the following changes in an object.
★ Force can stop a moving object:
★ Force can move an object lying at rest:
★ Force can change the direction of a moving or a stationary object:
★ Force can change the speed of a moving object:
★ Force can change the shape of an object:
★ Force can change the size of an object:
Different types of the force
Five types of the force
Gravitational Force
Frictional Force
Muscular Force
Mechanical Force
Buoyant Force
Gravitational Force
The force that attracts the objects toward the centre of the earth is called gravitational force of the earth.
Frictional Force
The force which slows down or stops the moving object is called frictional force or friction.
Muscular Force
Force of the muscles which is used to do work is called muscular force.
Mechanical Force
The force which is applied by the machine is called mechanical force.
Buoyant Force
The upward pushing force acting on a floating object is called buoyant force. This is also known as upthrust.
Magnetic Force
The force exerted by a magnet to attract iron objects towards itself is called magnetic force.
Electrostatic Force
The force of the charge with which a charged objects attract things towards itself is called electrostatic force.
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Work
Work is done when an object moves through a distance in a particular direction after applying the force.
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Energy
The ability of to do work is called energy.
Units of Energy
The International System of Units of measurement of energy is joule. The unit of energy is named after James Prescott Joule.
There are many type of the energy
Heat Energy
Light Energy
Wind Energy
Sound Energy
Solar Energy
Geothermal Energy
Water Energy
Electrical Energy
Mechanical Energy
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
There are many type of the energy
Heat Energy
The energy we get from the heating of any object is called heat energy.
Light Energy
The energy we get from the light is called light energy. Sun is the main source of light energy.
Wind Energy
Energy possessed in the power of moving air is called wind energy.
Wind energy is renewable, clean and non-polluting so it is considered environment friendly energy.
It is used to generate electrical energy.
Sound Energy
Solar Energy
The energy we get from the Sun is called solar energy.
Solar energy is renewable, clean and non-polluting so it is considered environment friendly energy.
Solar energy is also used by solar panels to produce heat for cooking food.
Geothermal Energy
The energy obtained from the hot interior of the earth is called geothermal energy
Water Energy
The Energy possessed in the power of flowing water is called water energy.
Water energy is used to produce electricity, which is called hydroelectricity.
It is one of the oldest sources of energy.
Mechanical Energy
The energy possessed in an object due to its motion or its position is called mechanical energy.
Mechanical energy is of two types:
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
The energy possessed in an object due to its motion is called Kinetic energy.
Potential Energy
The energy possessed in an object due to its position is called Potential energy.
Electrical Energy
Energy generated by the movement of electric charges is called electrical energy.
Movement of electric charges through wires is called electricity.
Electricity is used to run appliances like television, washing machine, refrigerator, etc.
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Law Of Conservation Of Energy
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be converted from one form to another form.
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Class 5th || science || Symple Machine
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Machines:
Tools which make our work easier is called Machine like Caesar and knife.
Machines are of two kinds
(1) Simple Machines and
(2) complex machines.
Simple machines
Simple machines are simple tools that we use in our day to day life. There are three types of simple machines. They are lever, pulley and inclined plane
Three machines, namely, wheel and axle, wedge and screw are the modifications of these three simple machines.
Complex machines
Combination of two or more simple machines is called Complex machines.
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(1) Lever: A rigid bar which can turn around a fixed point is called Lever.
Fulcrum:
A fixed point around which a lever turns is called fulcrum. The force that we apply on the lever is called effort. The object to be moved by the liver is called load.
Types of Lever
On the basis of the position of load, effort and fulcrum, levers are generally of three kinds.
1. First-class lever: In which lever, fulcrum is in the centre of load and effort. Load acts on one end and the effort on the other end.
Like that Scissors, pliers, seesaw, handpump and beam balance
2. Second-class lever: In which lever, the position of the load is in the centre of effort and fulcrum. Effort acts at one end and the fulcrum on the other end. Like that pully.
3. Third-class lever: In which lever, effort is applied at the centre, load at one end and fulcrum is at the other end.
Forceps, fire tongs and a fishing rod are some examples of third-class levers
(2) Pulley: A small wheel with a groove around its rim.
Fixed Pulley: A Fixed pulley has an axle in a Fixed block. A single Fixed pulley is supported by two parts of the same rope with mechanical advantage.
Movable Pulley: A movable pulley has an axle in a movable block. A single movable pulley is supported by two parts of the same rope and has a mechanical advantage of two.
Wheel and Axle
A wheel becomes a machine when it is attached to a rod or axle. A wheel with a rod fixed to it is known as wheel and axle arrangement.
Wheel and axle arrangement is used in steering wheels, bicycles, sewing machines, etc.
The wheel and axis arrangement helps us to turn something more easily by changing the direction of a force
Wedge
A wedge has two inclined planes, joined back to back with a sharp edge. It has a blunt and a sharp end. A wedge moves through an object. For example Knife, axe, shovel, adze and razor are examples of wedge.
Screw:
A thin pointed piece of metal like a nail with a raised spiral line and looks like a nail with grooves in it is called screw.
This winding edge of a screw is actually an inclined plane.
A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a rod.
Thread
Screw has a winding edge called a thread. This winding edge of a screw is actually an inclined plane.
(3) Inclined plane: Sloping surface is called Inclined plane. It is used to reduce the effort. Inclined plane is used to load heavy things at a high place.
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Part 01
EXERCISES
A. Tick (✔) the correct option.
1. This force is used to slow down or stop a moving object.
a) gravitational
(b) elastic
c) muscular
d) frictional
2. When we switch on a bulb, electrical energy is changed into this energy.
a) sound
b) solar
c) light
d) water
3. This is the most readily available and non-polluting source of energy.
a) sound energy
b) solar energy
c) electrical energy
d) mechanical energy
4. The force which is applied by a machine is called
a) gravitional
b) muscular
c) mechanical
d) elastic
5. Which of the following forces allows the objects to float on water?
a) muscular
b) frictional
c) elastic
d) buoyant
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. A ____________ is a push or pull acting on an object.
2. Earth exerts a ____________ force on us.
3. A force can change the ____________ of a moving object.
4. The radio is a source of ___________ energy.
5. When you light a candle, you use __________.
6. When we are sitting on a chair __________ is done.
Ans.
1. force 2. Gravitation 3. direction 4. Sound 5. Heat energy 6. No work
C. Name the energy used by the following objects.
D. Answer these questions in one or two sentences.
1. What are the effects of force?
Ans. Effects Of The Force
Air Force can move an object. it can change the speed, direction, and shape of an object.
Effects of Force
Effect of a force can bring the following changes in an object.
★ Force can stop a moving object:
★ Force can move an object lying at rest:
★ Force can change the direction of a moving or a stationary object:
★ Force can change the speed of a moving object:
★ Force can change the shape of an object:
★ Force can change the size of an object:
2. What is buoyant force?
Ans. The upward pushing force acting on a floating object is called buoyant force. This is also known as upthrust.
3. What is energy? Name the different forms of energy.
Ans. Energy
The ability of to do work is called energy.
There are many type of the energy
Heat Energy
Light Energy
Wind Energy
Sound Energy
Solar Energy
Geothermal Energy
Water Energy
Electrical Energy
Mechanical Energy
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
4. Which is the main source of light energy? Name any two other sources of light energy.
Ans. The energy we get from the light is called light energy. Sun is the main source of light energy. Electric bulb, candle, torch etc are the source of electric light
5. What is the "law of conversion of energy"?
Ans. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be converted from one form to another form.
E. Answer these questions in detail.
1. Differentiate between (i) kinetic energy and potential energy (ii) frictional force and gravitational force.
2. Write a short note on (i) geothermal energy and (ii) solar energy.
3. How can you say that wind energy is more environment friendly than sound energy?
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Part 02
EXERCISES
A. Tick (✔) the correct answer.
1. A force can
(a) change the shape of an object
(b) change the speed of an object
(c) stop a moving object
(d) all of these
2. A moving car slowly stops when its engine is turned off. Which force is responsible for this?
(a) muscular force
(b) magnetic force
(c) electrostatic force
(d) frictional force
3. The engine of a train pulls the coaches attached to it. Which force is responsible for this?
(a) mechanical force
(b) gravitational force
(c) magnetic force
(d) electrostatic force
4. Which energy is used to run a computer?
(a) heat energy
(b) solar energy
(c) electrical energy
(d) wind energy
5. The energy possessed by an object due to its position or motion is called
(a) hydro energy
(b) sound energy
(c) potential energy
(d) solar energy
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Buoyant force is also known as ..............
2. The force caused due to charged objects is called ...............
3. A .............. converts solar energy into electrical energy.
4. .............. energy is produced due to vibrations.
5. The point of support on a lever that does not move is called ..............
6. A pulley is a small wheel with a ............ around its ..............
Ans. 1. Upthrust, 2. Electrostaticforce 3. Solar cell 4. Sound 5. fulcrum 6. groove; edge
C. Given below is a list of activities. Identify the simple machines which are used to do these activities.
Shaving, cutting an apple, splitting a log, fixing two planks of wood together, sharpening a pencil, drawing water from a well, lifting an ice cube, pushing a heavy box up a truck
D. Identify the kinds of levers given below. Also mark the fulcrum (F), load (L) and effort (E).
E. Answer the following questions.
1. What is a force?
Ans. A push or pull on an object is called force.
2. What are the effects of force?
Ans.
Effects Of The Force
Air Force can move an object. it can change the speed, direction, and shape of an object.
Effects of Force
Effect of a force can bring the following changes in an object.
★ Force can stop a moving object:
★ Force can move an object lying at rest:
★ Force can change the direction of a moving or a stationary object:
★ Force can change the speed of a moving object:
★ Force can change the shape of an object:
★ Force can change the size of an object:
3. What do you understand by the following forces? Give one example where these forces are used.
(a) muscular
(b) frictional
(c) buoyant
Ans.
Frictional Force
The force which slows down or stops the moving object is called frictional force or friction.
Muscular Force
Force of the muscles which is used to do work is called muscular force.
Buoyant Force
The upward pushing force acting on a floating object is called buoyant force. This is also known as upthrust.
4. What is energy?
Ans. The ability of to do work is called energy.
5. Name different forms of energy.
Ans. There are many type of the energy
Heat Energy
Light Energy
Wind Energy
Sound Energy
Solar Energy
Geothermal Energy
Water Energy
Electrical Energy
Mechanical Energy
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
6. Define lever. How many types of levers are there and what is the difference between them?
Or
What is a lever? Explain three kinds of levers with the help of a diagram. Lebel fulcrum, load and effort (F, L, E).
Ans. Lever: A rigid bar which can turn around a fixed point is called Lever.
Types of Lever
On the basis of the position of load, effort and fulcrum, levers are generally of three kinds.
1. First-class lever: In which lever, fulcrum is in the centre of load and effort. Load acts on one end and the effort on the other end.
Like that Scissors, pliers, seesaw, handpump and beam balance
2. Second-class lever: In which lever, the position of the load is in the centre of effort and fulcrum. Effort acts at one end and the fulcrum on the other end.
Like that pully.
3. Third-class lever: In which lever, effort is applied at the centre, load at one end and fulcrum is at the other end.
Forceps, fire tongs and a fishing rod are some examples of third-class levers
7. What is an inclined plane? What is it used for?
Ans. Sloping surface is called Inclined plane. It is used to reduce the effort. Inclined plane is used to load heavy things at a high place.
8. What is a wedge?
Ans. A wedge has two inclined planes, joined back to back with a sharp edge.
For example Knife, axe, shovel, adze and razor are examples of wedge.
9. What is a screw? Why it is called the modification of an inclined plane?
Ans.
Screw:
A screw is actually an inclined plane with winding edge wrapped around a rod.
Thus a screw is a simple modified machine that resembles a nail with grooves in it. It has a winding edge with threads.
In our daily life A thin pointed piece of metal like a nail with a raised spiral line and looks like a nail with grooves in it is called screw.
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Part 01
EXERCISES
A. Tick (✔) the correct option.
1. This is used to hoist a flag.
a) inclined plane
b) pulley
c) lever
d) screw
Ans. b) pulley
2. Shovel, axe and adze are examples of
a) screw
b) wheel and axle
c) inclined plane
d) wedge
Ans. d) wedge
3. This is an example of third class lever.
a) Fire tong
b) bottle opener
c) scissors
d) wheel barrow
Ans. d) wheel barrow
4. Depending on the position of fulcrum, load and effort, this simple machine is of three types
a) pulley
b) wheel and axle
c) inclined plane
d) lever
Ans. d) lever
5. Which of the following is not a simple machine?
a) tricycle
b) fishing net
c) screw
d) pliers
Ans. a) tricycle
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Levers are of .............. types.
2 A ............... has two inclined planes, joined back to back with a sharp edge.
3. An inclined plane is a ............... surface.
4. In a second-class lever, load is in the ...............
5. A machine makes our work ...............
Ans. 1. Three 2. Wedge 3. Sloping 4. Centre 5. Eassy
C. Answer these questions in one or two sentences.
1. What is a machine? Name some simple machines which we use in our daily life.
Ans. Tools which make our work easier is called Machine like Caesar, tongue and knife.
2. What is a screw?
Ans. A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a rod.
3. What is an inclined plane? What is it used for?
Ans. Sloping surface is called Inclined plane. It is used to reduce the effort. Inclined plane is used to load heavy things at a high place.
4. What is a wedge? Give two examples of a wedge used at home.
Ans. A wedge has two inclined planes, joined back to back with a sharp edge.
For example Knife, axe, shovel, adze and razor are examples of wedge.
D. Answer these questions in detail.
1. What is a lever? Explain three kinds of levers with the help of a diagram. Lebel fulcrum, load and effort (F, L, E).
Ans. Lever: A rigid bar which can turn around a fixed point is called Lever.
Types of Lever
On the basis of the position of load, effort and fulcrum, levers are generally of three kinds.
1. First-class lever: In which lever, fulcrum is in the centre of load and effort. Load acts on one end and the effort on the other end.
Like that Scissors, pliers, seesaw, handpump and beam balance
2. Second-class lever: In which lever, the position of the load is in the centre of effort and fulcrum. Effort acts at one end and the fulcrum on the other end.
Like that pully.
3. Third-class lever: In which lever, effort is applied at the centre, load at one end and fulcrum is at the other end.
Forceps, fire tongs and a fishing rod are some examples of third-class levers
2. What is a pulley? Explain its types.
Ans. A small wheel with a groove around its rim.
Fixed Pulley: A Fixed pulley has an axle in a Fixed block. A single Fixed pulley is supported by two parts of the same rope with mechanical advantage.
Movable Pulley: A movable pulley has an axle in a movable block. A single movable pulley is supported by two parts of the same rope and has a mechanical advantage of two.
3. Explain any four types of simple machines.
Ans.
1. Lever: A rigid bar which can turn around a fixed point is called Lever.
2. Pulley: A small wheel with a groove around its rim.
3. Wedge : A wedge has two inclined planes, joined back to back with a sharp edge.
4. Screw: A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a rod.
E. Given below is the list of activities. Name the machines used to do these activities:
1. Cutting paper.
2. Fixing two planks of wood together.
3. Drawing water from a well.
4. Unloading heavy drums from a truck.
5. Cutting an apple.
Ans. 1. Knife and scissor
2. Screw
3. Pully
4. Inclined plane
5. Knife
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Part 02
EXERCISES
A. Tick (✔) the correct answer.
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