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Electric Components

The devices used in electric circuit is called electric components, like that electric cell, electric bulb, switch, battery, wire etc.

Symbols Of Electric Components

For our convenience we represent electric components by a special type of the sign or symbols. These sign or symbols are called symbol of electric components, like that

Battery

Battery the combination of the two or more cells is called a battery

Q. What is Circuit Diagram

Sol. A diagram which shows the connectivity of different components of circuit in symbols is called Circuit Diagram.

These are of two type

1. Open circuit diagram 

2. close the circuit diagram

(i) Closed Circuit: In which circuit all the components are in electricity flow conditions is called called a closed circuit. 

(ii) Open Circuit: In which circuit all the components are not in electricity flow conditions is called called a open circuit. 

What is meant by heating effect of electric current?

Sol.  When electric current is passes through a wire (like a high resistance wire). The wire becomes hot after some time and produces heat. This effect is called heating effect of Electric Current. 

Example 1. A heater becomes hot after its use for some time.This is because of heating effect of electric current.

In heater the heating wire is called an element and in a bulb heating wire is called flament.

Element : Element the coil of heating wire is called an element.

Electric fuse: The wires made from some special material which melt quickly and break when large electric current is passes through them. This wire is called fuse wire and this wire is used electric fuse. 

Different types of the fuses are used for different purpose.

Ch. 14 Electric Current and its Effects

Exercise Questions

Q. 1. Draw in your notebook the symbols to represent the following components of electrical circuits: connecting wires, switch in the ‘OFF’ position, bulb, cell, switch in the ‘ON’ position, and battery

Sol.

Q. 2. Draw the circuit diagram to represent the circuit shown in Fig.14.21.

Sol.

Q. 3. Fig.14.22 shows four cells fixed on a board. Draw lines to indicate how you will connect their terminals with wires to make a battery of four cells.

Sol.

Q. 4. The bulb in the circuit shown in Fig.14.23 does not glow. Can you identify the problem? Make necessary changes in the circuit to make the bulb glow.

Sol.

In the circuit above bulb is connected on either side.

Q. 5. Name any two effects of electric current.

Sol.

i) Heating effect of electric current

ii) Magnetic effect of electric current

Q. 6. When the current is switched on through a wire, a compass needle kept nearby gets deflected from its north-south position. Explain.

Sol.

When the current is switched on through a wire, magnetic field is created around it hence we see deflection in the compass needle kept nearby.

Q. 7. Will the compass needle show deflection when the switch in the circuit shown by Fig.14.24 is closed?

Sol.

No , compass needle does not show deflection when the circuit is a closed, magnetic field is not created until current is flowing through the circuit.

Q. 8. Fill in the blanks:

(a) Longer line in the symbol for a cell represents its terminal.

(b) The combination of two or more cells is called a .

(c) When current is switched ‘on’ in a room heater, it .

(d) The safety device based on the heating effect of electric current is called a .

Sol.

(a) Longer line in the symbol for a cell represents its positive terminal.

(b) The combination of two or more cells is called a battery.

(c) When current is switched ‘on’ in a room heater, it produces heat .

(d) The safety device based on the heating effect of electric current is called a fuse .

Q. 9. Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:

(a) To make a battery of two cells, the negative terminal of one cell is connected to the negative terminal of the other cell. (T/F)

(b) When the electric current through the fuse exceeds a certain limit, the fuse wire melts and breaks. (T/F)

(c) An electromagnet does not attract a piece of iron. (T/F)

(d) An electric bell has an electromagnet. (T/F)

Sol.

a) False

b) True

c) False

d) True

Q. 10. Do you think an electromagnet can be used for separating plastic bags from a garbage heap? Explain.

Sol.

No, because plastic does not have magnetic property to get attracted to a magnet hence magnet cannot be used to separate plastic bags.

Q. 11. An electrician is carrying out some repairs in your house. He wants to replace a fuse by a piece of wire. Would you agree? Give reasons for your response.

Sol.

It is not a wise idea to replace fuse by a piece of wire, as it has very low melting point. In case of metal piece, melting point will be high and the circuit will be intact in case there is overload or overheat.

Q. 12. Zubeda made an electric circuit using a cell holder shown in Fig. 14.4, a switch and a bulb. When she put the switch in the ‘ON’ position, the bulb did not glow. Help Zubeda in identifying the possible defects in the circuit.

Sol.

Reasons maybe two

i) The connecting wire may be loose

ii) The electric cell may be used up

iii) switch may not be functioning well

iv) cell power has been exhausted

Q. 13. In the circuit shown in Fig. 14.25

(i) Would any of the bulb glow when the switch is in the ‘OFF’ position?

(ii) What will be the order in which the bulbs A, B and C will glow when the switch is moved to the ‘ON’ position?

Sol.

i) No, the bulb will not glow as the circuit is not complete when the switch is off

ii) If the switch is On, all the bulbs glow simultaneously.